E-Learning

Four Types of E-Learning

Broadbent (2002) identifies four types of e-learning: informal, self-pace, leader-led and performance support tools. These strategies can be used individually or in combination which is termed blended.

Informal learning (Broadbent, 2002) occurs when the learner seeks and finds information independently. Instruction is not involved.
Self-paced learning (Broadbent, 2002) work with materials in digital form "at their own pace". Modules are set up either online or through a software program. The learner interacts with the materials at a rate of his/her choice to learn acquire new skills.
Leader-led learning according to Broadbent (2002), is instruction led by and instructor in either an asynchronous or synchronous instruction. The leader's level of involvement may be dependent on the needs of the learner.
Performance support tools (Broadbent, 2002) are resources that are online. These materials are accessed by learners as support for tasks they are expected to perform.

According to Broadbent (2002) deciding where to use e-learning and which type or types to use depends on the learners, budget, needs or the organization.

The table below lists the types of learning that fall into each type of e-learning category (Broadbent, 2002).

Informal	Self-paced	Leader-led	Performance Support Tools
web sites*	web based programs*	chats*	wizards*
discussion groups*	computer based programs*	discussion boards*
listservs	tutorials
*Broadbent, B. (2002)

Benefits of E-Learning

Broadbent (2002) lists several benefits to e-learning. First it must be able to fit the learning needs of many diverse learners. Second, instruction is flexible and allows for "self-pacing". Third, it increases the learners' knowledge of available online resources and encourages the acquisition of technology skills. Finally, it puts the responsibility for learning on the learner.

In an elementary school professional development should take many forms because staff members have varying levels of skills and knowledge and different learning styles. In order to meet the needs of all staff members, professional development must be differentiated. One way this can be done is through using a variety of formats for instructional delivery. In addition to meeting the learning needs of staff, it is a means of modeling differentiation of instruction to staff for the benefit of students. There are several ways that e-instruction can take place.

E-learning allows those who need access to information to tap it as needed through informal means. Websites, discussions groups, and list servs can supply knowledge and skills on an as needed basis. This can benefit those who do not need direct instruction and are self-motivated learners.

Those who need some structure can benefit from self-paced instruction. Modules can be made available online or through CDs so that staff members can access the modules at a convenient time.

Staff members who require more instruction in specific areas or who are more comfortable interacting with an instructor can participate in professional development in e-learning that is leader led. Whether the instruction should be synchronous or asynchronous would depend on the needs of the learners.

Performance support tools allow for staff members to seek training as needed. Wizards can guide teachers through tasks such as setting up online roll books or utilizing the district database of student information.

Blending methods can allow professional development to be tailored to the specific needs of staff members. For example, some staff are very tech savvy while others do not feel comfortable going online or emailing. Of course there are also varying levels of skills and knowledge in between those 2 extremes. I development for them might be resources such as web sites for more ideas.

Some may ask, is e-learning appropriate for an elementary school? There are several reasons why it is.

Some schools particularly urban schools struggle to teach students who are suspended, assigned in school suspensions, or frequently absent E-learning can create a school environment where learning takes place whether students are in school or out.

Some students need more support to learn a skill. If modules and examples of what was taught were available online, students and their parents could access them as needed. This might include podcasts of skills so students can view examples.

E-learning resources can be made available to parents. These resources can assist parents in helping their children.

Resources

Broadbent, B. (2002). ABCs of e-Learning: Reaping the Benefits and Avoiding the Pitfalls. Washington D.C.: Pfeiffer